IV. D7. ccxc. OF THE SUDAN 425

Muhammad ibn el Hag and Muhammad 'AH were Mahass, 'el Terayfi was an 'Araki and Sheikh Mustafa the same.

Sa'ad 'Abd el Fattah's son, Sheikh Hasan, was a Kadi in Dongola a few years ago, and died on the pilgrimage.

CCLXXX The village of 'Awag el Darb opposite el 'Aylafun is called after the man here mentioned. ''Sheikh Idris" is Idrfs wad el Arbab of el 'Aylafun.

CCLXXXI The Gezira of Sennar comprised all that "the Gezira" does now. The term is so used (e.g.) in Marno's map (1870). Mustafa Bey was of course subject to the Governor-General {Hakimddr) : his title as given here is '' Mudir 'aid 'iimum gezira Sennar." See note to paras ccxcv, ccxcvii, cccxiv and cccxvii.

CCLXXXIII Sheikh Miri is mentioned by Werne (p. 75): he says (in 1840)

" Under their lately deceased Sheikh Myri, who possessed more than ninety suits of chain armour... the Tokruri [i.e. the Takarir] enjoyed a pretty considerable power, highly dangerous for their frontier neighbours, as they had also for warfare about a hundred muskets, a large number for

these lands; but since Sheikh Myri's death they have sadly declined in power and force." Mansfield Parkyns also mentions him (11, 357).

'Ali Agha is also mentioned (Werne, p. 144): "Ali Aga, whose family name is Sobi, leader of 300 Magrabins. . . ." He was " wofully slashed in an attack by the Turks on Makada. Never have we seen on any skull such

severe scars. ..." He was "descended from one of the principal families

of Fez."

Of the Malik Sa'ad Werne (p. 160) says " The Schaigies every morning wait on the old Sheik Melek Saat, and kiss his hand. They never steal or make a prize of anything, without preserving the best of it for him, and in all ways provide for and attend to him, as if he was still in possession of

his old rank and dignities." And again (p. 137) "The Schaigie Melek

Saat, whose father yet [sc. 1840] rules the old Dongola, had received, a month before the present chasua [i.e. the expedition by Ahmad Bey to

Kassala], some hundred blows of the stick at the order of the Pascha."

CCLXXXIV Sulayman Kashif was a Circassian. He led Ahmad Pasha's White Nile exploration expedition. He lived at Kerreri (see Werne, pp. 14, 62, 63, 186, etc.). ccLxxxvi Ahmad Pasha was a Circassian, "stolen from his native land when only six years old" (Werne, p. 156). ccLXXXix From the nomads in the east Ahmad Pasha used to demand

20 pt. poll-tax on adult males and a tenth of all produce and animals (see Werne, p. 61).

ccxc 'Abd el Kadir Agha is probably Werne 's " Abd el Kader, the jovial Topschi Baschi," the commandant of artillery (Werne, pp. 28, 139). Ahmad Abu Sin was the greatest of the Shukria Sheikhs : he attained to the rank of Bey and was given practically complete control over the Arab tribes in and east of the Gezira. Werne describes him (p. 54) as "a handsome large man, with noble countenance, and his character is described

by all as vigourous, able, and generous."

Baker's description of him is also worth quoting: "He was the most