412
THE NATIVE MANUSCRIPTS IV. D 7. LI.
(i.e. of Ga'ali extraction). The term "Hamag" is often used as almost the
equivalent of barbarians, and, on the other hand, in so far as the Hamag
have Arab blood in them, it is supposed to be derived from Beni 'Abbas (i.e. Ga'ali) ancestors. In fact, where some people would say that the Gamu'ia were partly Hamag, the Gamu'ia put it differently and speak of the Hamag (e.g. Abu el Kaylak) as being partly Ga'ali. There is, however, the possibility that Abu el Kaylak was called a Hamagi because of his mother belonging to that race. Such an example of the survival of a matrilineal system vvould be by no means anomalous.
From Bruce (Appendix 28, p. 226) one would suppose that Abu el Kaylak
was the son of Sheikh Subahi . The vizier ' Adlan is repeatedly referred to as his brother and in 1 176 (1762 a.d.) wrote a letter of recommendation for Bruce
signed "el Sheikh 'Adlan son of el Sheikh Subahi." But Subahi was the Sheikh of Khashm elBahr(see para, lxxii) and one of theKAMATiR(RuFA'A), which Abu el Kaylak certainly Vvas not, so it is evident that Bruce was
simply misled by the use of the term " akhu." From para. LXXii it is clear that 'Adlan and Abu el Kajlak were bosom friends.
As regards Abu el Kaylak's career: in Appendix 46 (pp. 416-7) Bruce says (1772): "From these two provinces [viz. the Gezira and southern Kordofan] are all the riches of the kingdom ; and they are both in the hands
of the two brothers, Adelan, and 'Abd el Calec, who have killed two kings, and keep the third [i.e. Isma'il] without forces or revenue."
Again, on p. 425, Bruce says: " News brought (Aug. ist) that the people of Darfoor have marched with an army to take Kordofan, which, it is appre-
hended, they soon will do, being about 12,000 horse, and an infinite number of foot. There are at Kordofan about 1500 horse, with Mahomet Abou
Calec; who, it is thought, will fall back on Sennaar, if not surrounded. . . ."
Browne, writing in 1793 from Darfur, says (p. 307): "A king of the name of Abli Calik is the idol of the people of Kordofan where he reigned
about fourteen years ago and is renowned for probity and justice."
The following Tree, compiled from D 7, will be found useful in follow-
ing the career of Abu el Kaylak's descendants :
(i) Muhammad Abu el Kaylak (d. 1776) Ragab
(2) Badi (d. 1780) I Subahi
(3) Ragab
(d. 1786-7) (4) Nasir (d. 1798) (5) Idrfs (d. 1803)
I Muhammad
(6) 'Adlan (d. 1803)
Muhammad 'Ali "Abu Rfsh"
(d. 1806)
Ibrahim (d. 1785)
(8) Muhammad (d. 1808)
I
(9) Muhammad (d. 1821) Ragab Idris
I \
el Husayn 'AH "walad Sald^fn" (d. 1788)
(7) Muhammad (d. 1807 c.) Doka Badi Hasan 'Ali Ibrdhfm Kamatu