IV. D 4. XX. OF THE SUDAN 331

took Aswan from the Beni Kanz, but the period of their greatest power

was the eighteenth century, when, under Hamam, they "had assumed the whole government of Upper Egypt south of Siout and the Mamelukes had

been obliged to cede it to them by treaty" (Burckhardt). The names of tribes mentioned in the latter part of the paragraph are doubtful.

XIII The Kdshifs were minor officials appointed by the Turks to administer villages or small groups of villages: they were nominally sub-

ject to the Beys who were responsible for the larger provinces (see, e.g., Norden, Travels..., vol. i, pp. 58-62).

XX Cp. para, 11 (note) for "Zing Nuba" (^.^jpl 5_jjJI), and D i,

CLXXXii, Broadly speaking " Zing" seems generally to denote blacks whose original home was south, south-east and south-west, as distinct from the Nilotic negro proper.