iv.Di.ccvi. OF THE SUDAN 211

CLXXXiii Menelik II in 1891 wrote to the European powers "En in- diquant aujourd'hui les limites actuelles de mon Empire, je tacherai . . . de retablir les anciennes frontieres de I'jSthiopie, jusqu'd Khartoum et jusqii'au lac Nyanza. . ." (see Le Soudan Egyptien, by Gregoire Sarkissian, Paris,

1913, p. 92). Cp. also Ludolfus {Hist, of Ethiopia, trans. Gent, 1684, Bk. i,

Chap, xvi): ". . .Sennar or Fund, governed by its peculiar king, formerly a tributary to the Abessines, but now absolute." See also note to MS. D7, L.

CLXXXV Several of the Arabic historians {e.g. Ibn Khaldun and el Mas'udi, Chap. XL vi) give the subdivisions of the Berber in North Africa. Some of the names here are corrupt: Zenata, Howara, Sanhaga, Ketama, and Luata

are well known. " Madyuna" (ij^ji-o) is perhaps " Masmuda" (?^jm^_o-^-o) "Nabra" (Sj^) is certainly an error for "Nafza" (Sjij). See Part II, Appendix to Chap. i.

CLXXXVi The people of the modern Berbera are alluded to. CLXXxvii The Arabic here is at fault : it reads as follows :

"Suhayl" is Canopus. Yakut {Kitdh mu'agam el Bulddn, sub "Abin") quotes el Tabari as saying "Aden and Abyan were the two sons of 'Adnan ibn Udad," and of the position of Abyan says: yjjjt dJ^ O^W >-AJlsi.-« >*5-

De Herbelot (p. 329) speaks of Aden as "Aden Abyan." "Gebel el Dukhan" is the volcanic Gebel Tair (Bruce, Vol. 11, p. 232). CLXxxviii Cp. para. CLi.

cxc See Wiistenfeld, J. "Hasba" (i-*,.-^.^) is a copyist's error for "Pabba"(A^).

cxci, cxcii See para. lxii. cxciii See para. xxix. cxciv See para, lxxxiii, and Wiistenfeld, 11 and 12.

cxcv See paras. Lxxxii, lxxxiii and Wiistenfeld, 9. "Zayd" is omitted between Malik and Kahlan.

cxcvii Contrast para. Lxxix.

cxcviii This is practically the same as Abu el Fida's " . . .El Afrang who are many nations and the seat of whose kingdom is originally Franga (or Fransa), which borders on the northern frontier of the Andalusian

peninsula; and their king is called 'el Fransis'" (see Abu el Fida, p. 170). cxcix Contrast para. Lxxvi. cci The 3rd pers. sing. pres. tense of hdda is yahudu.

ecu " The Byzantine Greeks " would perhaps better express the meaning of el Rum here.

cciii Correct: see Wiistenfeld, i. cciv See Wiistenfeld, 2.

ccvi "Akshum" is Axum, the ancient capital of Abyssinia. Following the rise of the Muhammadan power in the seventh century the frontiers

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