iv.Di.Lxxxiii. OF THE SUDAN 207

Sind (see el Mas'udi, p. 176, note), but Abu el Fida (p. 174) speaks of the Sind as west of the Hind.

LXXi Yuktan or Kahtan is the biblical Joktan. Lxxii Ibn el Athir gives the tribes of Sanhaga and KetAma as exceptions. Cp. para. CLXXxiv.

Lxxiii No mention of the Romans occurs in this position in Ibn el Athir, who, after dealing with the Berber, passes on to the sons of Yafith. He later merely mentions that the Romans are descended from Lanti son of Yunan son of Yafith, but omits the explanatory details given by the copyist. By

the "early Romans" ( Jj*;^)' vejijJt) the copyist means the Romans, the centre of whose power was Rome, and by the " later Romans " (^ [^\ ^3/31), the Byzantines.

Lxxiv Cp. Genesis, chap. x. 2. Gamir is " Gomer," Mashig " Meshech," and Ti'rash "Tiras."

Lxxvi The Khazar are a people on the shores of the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus.

AsHBAN is the Arabic equivalent for "Hispani," i.e. Spaniards: see el Mas'udi, p. 369.

For a wonderful account of "Gog and Magog" see el Tabari, Chap. VIII.

The "Saghaliba" are the Slavonians: see el Mas'udi, p. 72. " BuRGAN " is the same as " Bulghar," i.e. Bulgarians, The former term is used by el Mas'udi (Chap, xxxv).

El 'Ais is "Esau," and Ishak "Isaac." Some further remarks of Ibn el Athir are here omitted by the copyist. It is here, too, that the mention of the Romans (see note lxxiii) occurs.

Lxxvii Cp. Genesis x. 6: "Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan." "Kut" (J»^*) is the reading both in Ibn el Athir and the copyist, but el Mas'udi (Chap, xlvii) gives Fut (as son of Ham) — whence the Biblical Phut. "Kut" generally denotes the Goths.

The copyist has very slightly paraphrased the text for the next few lines. Lxxxi The series of quotations from Ibn el Athir breaks off at the end of this paragraph.

Lxxxii For Saba and the dispersion of the tribes, see Kuran, Chap. 34,

with Sale's notes, and Abu el Fida, Bk. IV (p. 114) and Bk. V (p. 182). The whole of the following tradition is given in el Mas'udi, Chap. xlii. By Lakhm here is meant those Beni Lakhm who founded the dynasty

of the MonAdira (q.v. note lxvii) which ruled in Hi'ra and Anbar from about 210 to 634 A.D. (See Van Dyck, p. 24.)

The Kendite dynasty ruled in Negd from 450 to 530 a.d. (see Van

Dyck, p. 32); but for "Kenda" el Mas'udi gives "Kenana" (B. de Mey- nard's edition).

Anmar were a section of el Azd : for them and Khat'am (or Khath'am) and Bagila see Wiistenfeld, 9.

Lxxxiii Marib was the site of the great reservoir. For the impiety of the local tribes, it was broken down by a great flood, which destroyed most of the inhabitants of the vicinity: see Sale, Prel. Disc. p. 8, and text,

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