iv.Di.ccii. OF THE SUDAN 199

God, settled and married among them, and they are his relations by marriage.

CXCII Thammud are the descendants of Thammud son of 'Abir son of Aram son of Sam son of Nuh.

CXCIII The SuLAYM Arabs are said to be [descended] from Kays 'Ay Ian.

CXCIV Ghassan are el Azd. Of them are the Beni Gafna, the royal family.

CXCV El Azd are the descendants of Azd son of el Ghauth^ son of Nabt son of Malik son of Kahlan son of Saba. They are in Yemen and include all the Ansar.

CXCVI And the children of Asad son of Khuzayma son of Mudraka son of el Yds son of Mudr are a mighty tribe descended from Mudr

EL Hamara; and also the children of Asad son of Rabi'a son of Nizar son of Ma'ad son of 'Adnan are a mighty tribe.

CXCVII The Copts [el Kubt] are the people of Egypt and its ultimate aboriginals : they are descended from Kubt son of Misr son of Kut son of Ham.

CXCVI 1 1 The Franks [el Afrang] are a nation of the Romans [el Rum\. They call the seat of their kingdom Franga, and its king

is named "el Fransis."

CXCIX The Turks [el Turuk] are a nation of people descended from Yafith, and they include the Tartars [el Tatar] and Gog and Magog [Yagilg and Mdgiig]. They are a mighty people: — there is none more numerous excepting the Abyssinians [el Habsha] ; and

there is no more numerous people than the Abyssinians, excepting the Romans [el Rilm].

CC The name Christian [Nusdri] is to be traced to Christianity [el Nusrdnia], i.e. their religion and the faith they follow.

CCI "The Jews" [el Yahud] is the name of a tribe, and the name is derived from hdda meaning "to repent." ecu The Romans [el Rum] are descended from el Rum son of

Esau ['Isu] son of Isaac [Ishak] son of Ibrahim the Friend of God, and they are named after their ancestor. It is related that Esau had thirty sons, of whom el Rum was one; but these Romans have been

joined by tribes [lit. "branches"] that did not belong to them,

namely Tanukh and Nihd and Sulaym and Ghassan: these tribes were in Syria [el Shdm], and when the Muslims drove them out they entered the lands of the Romans and mingled and multiplied with them and were reckoned as Romans by descent; but they are

not Romans and the Roman genealogists know the fact.

^ reading w*^ for ^j-e^.