126 Bahr el Ghazal Country.

Inhabitants.

€opper.

and Golo lands. It is bounded on the north by the Baggara Arabs, on the west by the Mango and Benda tribes, who have their districts on the Upper Bahr el Arab ; on the sonth the territory approaches the Niam-Niam country.

The population is a conglomeration of the representatives of different races, the remnants of a systematic destruction.

The following tribes predominate : viz., the Nduggo, situated about Dem Zubehr ; the Bia around Dem Gudyu ; and the Yongbongo between the two former. In form they are below the average height, thick and unwieldy in figure, and of a coppery colour.

The caravan roads from Dem Nduggo to Darfur run in a N.N.W. direction ; they pass through the Mango country, and, crossing the Bahr el Arab, traverse the region of Hofrat el Nahas, where the renowned copper mines exist (v. p, 81). These mines are about six days' journey north of Maugo land.

The copper is brought into market in the shape of rings or cakes, but no systematic mining is carried on by the natives.

In the Krej country are numerous running streams, khor beds, and stretches of fine forest.

Fishing, agriculture, basket making, &c, are among the chief occupations of the people.

The huts are very defective in construction and resemble those of the Kaffirs.

Descriptions of the Monbuttu and Niam-Niam countries, which are on the frontiers of the Mudirieh Bahr el Ghazal, and on tbe Congo side of the Nile-Congo watershed, are to be found in " The Heart of Africa," by Dr. Schweinfurth, and in " Dr. Junker's Travels " (Vol. 2, pp. 101-220).

(b) Lado (Mudirieh).

On the west of the Bahr el Jebel, about 70 miles above Lado, a flat and park-like country is succeeded by a line of hills, which, running from the north-west, abut on the river at this point, and run parallel to it as far as Dufile ;