Description. 85 it is watered by the rising of the river and artificial irrigation. A certain amount of emigration goes on in a southwesterly direction, where considerable numbers of the Shilluks, as well as of the Dembo and the Jiir, have settled on the borderland between the Bongo and Dinka. There are also settlements of Shilluks about the mouth of the Sobat River.

The entire west bank of the Nile, as far as the district villages, of the Shilluks reaches, has the appearance of a continuous village, the sections of which are separated by intervals varying from 300 to 1,000 paces. These clusters of huts are built with great regularity, and closely crowded together. Every village has its overseer, whilst there is a superintendent over 50, 70, or 100 villages, who has the control over a district. There are about 100 districts, each distinguished by its particular name.

In the centre of each village is a circular space, where the inhabitants congregate.

They are of medium height and unpleasing in appear- inhabitants* ance. The men wear no clothes, but cover their bodies with red and grey ashes. The women wear a leather apron.

The hair of the men is worn clotted together in all sorts of fantastic shapes with clay, gum, or dung.

They carry clubs similar to the knobkerries of South Africa, but their only other arms are long flat-headed spears.

The Shilluks breed oxen, sheep, and goats ; they also produce, keep poultry and dogs.

The dogs are shaped like greyhounds, but are smaller ; they are exceedingly active, and are used in chasing antelope.

The Shilluk canoe, in which they navigate the Nile, is formed of long pieces of the ambach wood, which is lighter than cork. These canoes or rafts generally carry two persons, and are especially adapted for the navigation of the marshy parts of the river, as they can be carried on the head without difficulty, when it is necessary to cross an island or morass.

Cotton grows wild, but the people are ignorant of the art of its manufacture.

Large quantities of dhura and some maize are grown.