Abstract This research aims to construct the story of Sudan's role in restoring the Emperor to his throne after the Italians deposed Haile Selassie and placed him on the throne in 1936. The study began with a survey introduction to Sudan and Ethiopia at the beginning of the 20th century; the institutional developments in both, and the problems that accompanied the building of the modern state in each under colonial presence, and the ambitions and plans of the major powers seeking to divide the African continent into spheres of influence among them.

The study reviewed the circumstances surrounding the succession to the imperial throne after the death of Emperor Menelik II, which ended with the emergence of Haile Selassie and his ascension to the throne; the roots of Italian ambitions in Ethiopia, the position of the major powers at the time regarding its invasion and occupation of Ethiopia, the global repercussions of that, the period of occupation and resistance, and the life of the Emperor in exile.

The study also dealt in some detail with the existence of resistance in Sudan and the position of the British government on that, and the role played by the Sudanese in supporting the resistance and sheltering refugees, and the containment of the Sudan Defence Force of the Italian threat, and its participation in the liberation of Ethiopia and Eritrea and the return of the Emperor to his throne. The study enumerated the repercussions of the Sudan Defence Force's participation in the East African War, the role of the Ethiopian elite who took refuge in Sudan in the future of Ethiopia, and the network of relationships and alliances woven by the Emperor with Sudanese political forces during his stay in Sudan.

The study concluded with the importance of Sudan's geopolitical position; and the great contribution of the Sudanese in World War II, which led to the liberation of Ethiopia and paved its way to independence.