BASA. 245 50on tlioy thus licul woumi.s. That every wound in this cliuie requires to be more stimulatingly treated than with us, is true, and therefore balsam of Peru is a capital medicine here. In Beni-Amer men pour into their wounds hot })iteh or rosin, and leave it there. As a cure for fever, milk and senna are used.

The nearest town or village on the Gohr-cl-Gash, some half day's journey from here, is Terefat or Ilafarra ; east from it, on a hill well supplied with water, is Illit, some day and a half's journey from Kassela; at a similar distance to the south-east is, on the Gash, another village, called Bitama. In the east, on a pictures([ue hill, rises Sabderath, one day's journey from here, and half a day's further to the east, Gedehn. The range of hills these villages are on runs from north to south-east, and is well supplied with water. At the foot of the hills are gohrs, the hollows of which collect the rain water from them, which afterwards runs out or is lost in the plains. The Sheik Nuhr of Sabderath is a great leader of hostile forays and plundering expeditions. If he can not go on these, he finds no rest at home, and therefore wars on giraffes and tigers. The tribe of the hill of Gedehn are respected by the Turks for their fidelity and firm adherence to their word. These are Arabs, and of tlie Hallenga tribe.

A fresh foray has been nu\de into Basa, and some days ago tidings of heavy losses reached the camp. The natives there had retreated into caves, of Avhich there are many and large ones among the hills, some of Avhich, like those of Kassela, have water inside them ; almost all of them have very small well concealed entrances, though many inside are of great extent. They are said to be inhabited by men of ancient days, spirits, and ghosts. The Turks fired in grenades or small shells, full of schiteta (red peppers pounded), as kindling fires at the mouths does no good.

the smoke escaping by some hidden outlets.

The district of Basa commences, as before said, two days' journey further up the Gohr-el-Gash than Kassela, and extends along this Gash for eight days' journey up to Makada. Four days' journey from the frontier, and so nearly in the centre of the land, is Belgam or Balacha, which is a part of Basa, and has large popu-