to the rest of the country, and their drinking water is from wells with abundant sweet water. From this city to another city following it to the south is two days, and its name is Qasr Umm Issa. It is not a large city, but its people are prosperous and have camels with which they travel east and west. Their main commodity is alum, which is their capital. Around this city are palm trees and wells of sweet water, from which they drink. From there to the city of Ankallas is 40 miles into the valley. It is one of the largest cities in the land of Kwar Qaffara, and the most commercially active. They have mines of pure, excellent alum, which is found in abundance in its mountains, but it varies in quality and excellence. The people of this city trade until they reach the land of Egypt in the east, and they operate in the west, connecting to the lands of Warflan and the rest of the far Maghreb. The people wear cloaks of wool and cover their heads with wool caps, and they cover their mouths with them, which is a custom they have inherited from their fathers and have not abandoned or changed. In this city, at this time, there is a rebellious man from the people of the land, who has a band and relatives who follow him, and they worship him. He has a famous garden, good conduct, and Islamic judgments, and he is a Muslim. From the city of Ankallas to a small city called Abzar is a distance of two days. Abzar is built on a dirt mound, surrounded by palm trees, and its waters are sweet. To the west of this city is a mine of superior quality alum, but it is traded with much softness. The people of this city wear head coverings and wool cloaks, and they trade in alum. From Abzar to the city of Talmalm is two days. It is also a small city, and its water is scarce, and its palm trees are few. And there is a mine of alum in it.