Egypt remained in complete peace and tranquility after the end of the rebellion of the people of Awf. The same was true for all the Islamic emirates. Al-Mahdi, from within the kingdom, settled in Al-Fustat and focused on expanding his domain. The King of Al-Awaf invaded, under the leadership of his son Harun al-Rashid. Harun conquered many cities, adding them to his father's kingdom, and imposed a tribute of seventy thousand dinars on the people of Al-Fustat. Harun displayed great bravery and courage, making a great impression on his enemies. He was rewarded by being designated as the successor to the Caliphate after his brother Musa al-Hadi. He ruled for ten years, two months, and a half. In the year 170 AH, Caliph Al-Mahdi died at the age of 40.

The Caliphate of Musa al-Hadi.

Musa al-Hadi was sworn in as the fourth Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. As soon as he took the reins of power, he dismissed Al-Fadl ibn Salih from Egypt and appointed Ali ibn Sulayman. He attempted to revoke his father's will, which designated Harun as his successor after him, intending to make the Caliphate for his own son. However, he did not live to achieve his goal. Death overtook him on Friday, the 17th of Rabi' al-Awwal in the year 170 AH, at the age of 25. He ruled for one year, one month, and twenty days.

The Caliphate of Harun al-Rashid.

His son Harun al-Rashid was sworn in on the day of his brother's death. He was the fifth Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. In his time, the Arab state reached its peak of prosperity and development. Its influence extended to the farthest reaches of the known world. No era was like that era. The sun of the Arab state in his days reached its zenith and then slowly began to descend towards the horizon. On the day of his inauguration, a son was born to him named Abdullah, who was his eldest son and heir apparent, later known as Al-Ma'mun. Harun al-Rashid confirmed Ali in Egypt. Ali, in his governorship, showed firmness and political acumen. He commanded good and forbade evil, and prevented gambling and the use of wine. However, he was preoccupied with demolishing churches. He spent seventy thousand dinars to clear the land. He was very generous, and the people loved him so much that they considered him worthy of the Caliphate. He coveted it, which angered Harun al-Rashid, who dismissed him and appointed Musa ibn Isa al-Alawi in his place in the first of Rabi' al-Awwal in the year 170 AH. As soon as he took the reins of the emirate, he permitted the Christians to rebuild the churches that had been demolished. Ali ibn Sulayman rebuilt them with the advice of Al-Layth ibn Sa'd and Abdullah ibn Tayy. In the year 171 AH, he spent seventy thousand dinars to clear the land.