The Abbasid state for the first time (Caliphate of Abu al-Abbas ibn Hamd) The Caliph Abu al-Abbas Abd Allah ibn Hamd, known as al-Saffah, was sworn allegiance to on the 12th of Rabi' al-Awwal in the year 132 AH. He was from the lineage of al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib and was the first Abbasid Caliph. He dismissed the governors of the provinces who were in power before his caliphate and appointed his relatives and kin in their place. He appointed his uncle, Salih ibn Ali, who had killed Marwan, as governor of Egypt. Salih marched and entered Egypt in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah. After a short while, he sent a delegation of the people of Egypt to the Caliph to pledge allegiance. Then he arrested Abd al-Malik ibn Musa and his companions and killed many of the Umayyad nobles. He also took a group of them to Iraq, where they were killed in Qarnis. The Caliph received a letter from the Commander of the Faithful appointing him as governor of Palestine. He was also instructed to appoint whomever he wished as his deputy in Egypt. He appointed Abu Awn Abd al-Malik ibn Yazid as his deputy and set off with Abd al-Malik ibn Nasir and several people from Egypt. Abu al-Abbas died in Dhu al-Hijjah in the year 137 AH. He was buried in al-Hashimiyyah, and his caliphate lasted for four years and nine months. He was 35 years old, 6 months, and 4 days old. He was the first to appoint a vizier. The Umayyad Caliphs did not have viziers, but rather scribes. Caliphate of al-Mansur ibn Hamd His brother, al-Mansur ibn Hamd, known as Abu Ja'far, succeeded Abu al-Abbas. He was sworn allegiance to in al-Hashimiyyah. He ruled for a period of time, similar to his predecessor. In the year 137 AH, he appointed Abu Awn, who was his deputy, as governor of Egypt. In the year 141 AH, Abu Awn was dismissed from Egypt and replaced by Musa ibn Ka'b, who was one of the prominent figures in Egypt. He entered Egypt in the month of Rabi' al-Akhir of the same year and encamped. In Dhu al-Hijjah of that year, Musa was dismissed and Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Maz'i was appointed. He wanted to appoint him to the position of tax collector, but he refused. Naufal ibn al-Furatt then took over. After some time, he realized that the officials of the diwans were leaning towards the tax collector. He regretted it, and a rift developed between him, Naufal, and Firman. Muhammad was dismissed and Hamid ibn Qahtabah ibn Shbib al-Ta'i was appointed governor of Egypt. In the year 144 AH, in Dhu al-Q'adah, he was dismissed and Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi was appointed. It appears that there were many changes in leadership in Egypt within a period not exceeding seven years. The affairs of the state were managed by a succession of governors.