Led by Marwan, the last of the Umayyad caliphs, near Lower Egypt, close to Giza. The battle resulted in Marwan's death, and his sons Abdullah and Ubayd Allah fled with a group of their followers, estimated by sources to be around four to five thousand individuals, to the land of Nubia. Later, a group of Marwan ibn Muhammad's companions joined them. Thus, these groups settled in the land of Makuria, the first kingdom they encountered after leaving the southern borders of Egypt.

However, after crossing into Nubia, the Umayyads and the Marwanids with them turned east until they reached the lands of the Beja near the Red Sea coast, after being forced to leave Nubia. But they met fierce resistance from the Beja, so they stopped, intending for the coast, and faced severe hardship. Some of them lost their way, and some reached the port of Aidhab with great effort and hardship. It is probable that some of them crossed to the Hijaz.

It is possible that some of them attempted to cross the sea again after a short period to the western coast. Some researchers have observed mass graves of the Umayyads with tombstones along the route they took towards Aidhab. This route is in the area of Khor Neb, located 70 miles west of Suakin, and these tombstones date back to 149 AH / 766 AD.

The Arab presence from Rabi'a, Mudar, and the descendants of Saba' increased in the land of the mines in Nubia, especially since the era of Al-Mutawakkil Al-Abbasi (233-247 AH).

Then a dangerous phase began in the extensive migration movement to the land of Sudan following the emergence of the era of Arab alliances in Egypt. This led to a clear period in the history of Arab migrations to the south of the Nile Valley, and these Arab alliances that sought refuge in Sudan.