**53. (C) The term "child" means a person under the age of 18 years.** 54. (C) This chapter shall not apply to: (A) the lawful arrest of any person; (B) any act done or omitted to be done by a child under the direction of a Court of Justice; (C) any act done or omitted to be done in self-defence or defence of any other person; (D) any act done or omitted to be done in the absence of any lawful authority or excuse; (E) any lawful act done or omitted to be done in the course of any trade, business, occupation or calling; (F) any act done or omitted to be done by a child in the pursuit of any sport or game recognised by the Minister as being of national importance.

55. (C) (1) Any person who, whether in public or private, assaults any child, or causes the child to suffer any injury or ill-treatment, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both. (2) In any proceedings for an offence under this section, the court shall have regard to all the circumstances of the case, including the age of the child and any injury or ill-treatment suffered by the child.

56. (C) Any person who, being a parent or guardian of a child, or being a person having the care of a child, wilfully neglects or abandons the child in such a manner as to cause or to be likely to cause injury to the child's health, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.