- 64 -among them a great one, I mean from 44 to 81. The Director-General of this department said, "The reason for the increase in Europeans is this reliance on lighting in a way that is not possible, as its light is much brighter than the old light and less expensive, but its administration requires extra care, and it has been proven by experience and testing that the acceptance of it by Egyptians is not safe. Add to that that the lights are also used for meteorological observations, and these are not well-handled by Egyptians who operate the lighthouses alone." This connection is based on pillars that distinguish it from others. Its benefits and administration are all taken from European ships, most of which are ships passing through the Suez Canal. The good administration of this department affects the interests of Europeans much more than it affects the interests of Egyptians. Therefore, the employment of Europeans in it is just in every way. The number of employees in the Survey Department was 42 Egyptians and 28 Europeans at the beginning of January 1906, but this number does not reflect the reality. The number of "senior" employees in that department, who manage and work with 600 Egyptian employees from the "laborers." Ankinn Lyon wrote: "It is not to be overlooked that it is a great thing to establish a survey of the importance of surveys among Europeans in a shorter time than it took to establish each European survey. No one sought except to complete the work assigned to him. But now that the pressure has lessened, I know the success of them and I am training them generally, intending to employ them in higher positions than they are in." (B) Ministry of Public Works The number of European employees in the Ministry of Public Works was 52 in 1896 and the number of Egyptians was 514. The number of Europeans reached 99 and the number of Egyptians reached 42,400 in 1906. The number of Europeans increased in those ten years by 47, most of them British, and the number of Egyptians increased by only 26. However, when considering this number, one must also consider that the annual revenues of this ministry increased from £934,000 to £2,240,000. This increase necessitated the employment of men with technical knowledge, who are now rarely found among Egyptians. Add to that that this increase in the number of Europeans occurred mostly during the tenure of Sir William Garstin as Minister of Public Works, a British official known to all for his inclination towards Egyptians and his strong desire to employ Egyptians over Europeans, and he also showed an inclination to employ them.