and the ambitions of British policy.

A war with the state descending on the shores of Lake Victoria would expose it either to the East or to drowning, as that enemy might consider. Commander Monteil said in his report to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the Fashoda campaign: "The English, from the first hour, set their sights on the Great Western Sudan being a sacrifice for the poor little Egypt, offered by England." Sir Gerald Portal, the British representative in Uganda in 1894, stated: "If we look at Uganda from a political perspective, we find it to be the strongest government in East Africa. In Uganda lie the sources of the Nile. Therefore, Uganda and Egypt are in an inseparable position, as whoever controls the Upper Nile can control Egypt as they please and has the ability to destroy Egypt." Riyad Pasha said in a memorandum dated December 9, 1888, to Sir Evelyn Baring: "It is crystal clear that the Nile is the life of Egypt, and the Nile is the Sudan. No one doubts that the ties connecting Egypt with the Sudan are strong and unbreakable, like the soul is to the body." It is enough for an Egyptian to review these sayings and similar ones to know the status and value of the Sudan, and for every easy-going person to consider their father and grandfathers, and every precious sacrifice in its path.