Egyptian Sudan 126 In various locations, it was possible to raise the water level in the canals, thus irrigating the lands that required it with the usual amounts of water, no matter how severe the drop in the flood was. However, there is one region in Upper Egypt whose main canals do not receive water in this manner. This region suffered a loss in 1913. If the works planned for Sudan had existed at that time, the loss would have been greater. But any danger to the crops of this region in winter and autumn in the future will be eliminated by the construction of another barrage at Nag Hammadi and the regulation of the canals currently drawing from the Esna Barrage. At the same time, this means will facilitate the conversion of the area covered by this project to the summer irrigation system. Thus, in the future, the return of the conditions of 1913 will not be detrimental to the flood areas. The flood, even if all the proposed works now draw water from the flood in Sudan, has no significant relationship with the summer and spring seasons, which are preceded by floodwaters. The 1913 flood did not deviate from this rule; it was followed by a spring in which the water level was extremely low. This resulted, as mentioned, in a shortage of the usual cotton yield. Undoubtedly, the shortage in that year cannot be attributed solely to the lack of water; there were other factors, such as neglect of pests, which reduced the usual yield. It is possible to attribute the entire loss to this factor, except that rice cultivation in the usual area of 200,000 feddans was almost entirely absent, as rice was cultivated in only 25,000 feddans. Therefore, if the cultivated area remains as it is now, it is necessary to consider the provision of the necessary water for cotton cultivation in 1913 by 10% to provide 180,000 feddans with sufficient water for rice cultivation. To achieve this result, a reservoir of no more than 20,000 million cubic meters of water is sufficient. However, due to the expansion of agricultural areas and the conversion of the irrigation system, other quantities of water will be needed to meet future demands in the season.