and the beginnings of British policy 117 to produce two harvests annually instead of one, which is the result of the old system. And because of this change, the need became paramount to gain complete control over regulating the flow of the Nile and to construct balancing works by which, at any time of the year, the necessary water level for filling the canals could be precisely reached. It should be noted that the efficiency of agriculture is not uniform throughout Egypt, and that the cultivated areas do not everywhere require the same amount of water per feddan. The reasons for this are mostly climatic variations, and the regions closer to the south are still almost entirely confined to the basin system.

In the future, even if there is no expansion of agriculture by introducing it into new areas, which is in itself inconceivable, the required quantities of water and their distribution throughout the year to the cultivated areas will be subject to change according to the gradual conversion of the remaining basin lands during the flood season from their system to the summer irrigation system. Most of them will be converted in the familiar way in Upper Egypt, and it will perhaps be by gravity, either by passing all the necessary water through the current Aswan Barrage, or by passing some through this barrage and some through barrages to be built at Qena, and some of these areas will remain small, relying on the weak water needed for their irrigation by gravity from lifting machines to be established for this purpose.

Experience shows that the country currently needs about 230,000 million cubic meters annually to adequately irrigate its lands for its crops. In the year 1913-1914, which had a shortage of some external for a period between July - September 1914 July about 200,000 cubic meters of water. This amount of water, which is less than what is currently available, will allow for greater than what is sufficient to meet all real needs, and it is distributed throughout the year according to