- 64 -among them, a great one, meaning from 44 to 81. The Director-General of this department said, "The reason for the increase in Europeans is this reliance on lighting by the reverse method, as its light is much brighter than the light provided and less expensive, but its management requires extra care. It has been proven by experience and testing that the Egyptians' reception of is not safe. Furthermore, the lighthouses are also used for meteorological observations, and these are not well handled by the Egyptians who are solely responsible for the lighthouses." This department stands on pillars unique to it. The benefits of the ports and lighthouses are all taken from European ships, most of them from ships passing through the Suez Canal. The good management of this department affects the interests of Europeans much more than the interests of Egyptians, so the employment of Europeans in it is just in every way. The number of employees in the Survey Department was 42 Egyptians and 28 Europeans at the beginning of January 1906, but this number does not reflect reality, as it is the number of "acting" employees in that department, who manage and deal with 600 Egyptian employees from the "visible" staff. Captain Younes wrote, saying: "It is not to be forgotten that I was asked to establish a survey equal to the European surveys at a time when each European survey was limited in its establishment. I could not but complete each person's assigned work. But now that the pressure has lessened, I know how to train them and train them generally, intending to employ them in higher positions than they currently hold."

(B) Ministry of Public Works The number of European employees in the Ministry of Public Works was 52 in 1896, and the number of Egyptians was 514. The number of Europeans reached 99 and the number of Egyptians reached 540 in 1906. The number of Europeans increased in those ten years by 47, most of them British, and the number of Egyptians increased by only 29. However, when considering these periods, one must also consider that the annual expenses of this ministry increased from £424,000 to £420,000. This increase necessitated the employment of men with technical knowledge, who are now rarely found among Egyptians. Furthermore, this increase in the number of Europeans occurred for most of the period when Sir Garstin took over the management of Public Works, a British official known to everyone for his bias towards Egyptians and his strong desire to employ Egyptians over Europeans, and he also found a way to employ them.