gradually produce an improved type of sheep in this area. Rams and ewes have been sent to Tayiba, Wad Medani and Barakat tor this purpose. The process will be a long one, and must be accompanied by education of the natives as to the necessity of castrating the male lambs. There is a very strong tendency to reversion to the indigenous type in the Sudan, and also to deterioration of the imported stock when bred for a few generations, This will necessitate the coil tinned importation of new blood, Cattle.

Cattle have chiefly been bred with a view to milk production for Dairy purposes, and most of the cross breeding has been done in connection with the Dairy. It is not possible to breed pedigree stock or stock for meat production when the experiments are carried out on a Dairy farm, and the reason is that all the milk is required for sale purposes, and the young stock do not get the full supply of milk from their mothers ; they in actual fact, get practically none, but are led on skimmed milk. This results in their growth being considerably stunted in early life, and the full grown animal is much smaller than might otherwise be the case. W ith regard to milk production, there has been an enormous improvement. One cow actually gave during its lactation period 600 gallons of milk, and as much as 32 pints in one day. As the milk contains a very high percentage of butter fat, a cow giving this quantity of milk is equivalent, for butter making purposes, to a thousand gallon cow in Great Britain FINANCE.

Although the year has not, financially speaking, come up to expectations as regards the forecasts issued in the late part of 1922, nevertheless the position has greatly exceeded what towards the middle of the year was expected would be the condition of affairs. Trade has continued more or less without interruption during the year, and although the number of cattle exported has not been large, the export of sheep has considerably exceeded expectations.

'I'lie receipts are bigger than last year. The actual receipts were £e. 10.142, as against an estimate of of £e. 14.200. The actual expenditure was approximately £e. 4 1,000, as against an estimated expenditure of £e. 46,377. Thus the actual loss under the estimated revenue was once more than counterbalanced by the saving on the estimated expenditure.

L. DANELS, Lieut.-Colonel, R. A. V. C., Director, Veterinary Department, Khartoum, 28th. January, 1924,