This is a passage from a historical book about Sudan. The text is OCR output and contains scanning errors. I have read through them and translated the intended words, keeping proper nouns recognizable.

The passage discusses the concept of "fiqh" (jurisprudence) and its relationship to "tafsir" (exegesis) and "usul" (principles). It quotes a verse from the Quran (23:23) about Noah and his ark, emphasizing that the story is well-known and that "fiqh" is derived from it. The text explains that "tafsir" is the interpretation of the Quran, and "fiqh" is the derivation of rulings from it. It further elaborates on the two types of "tafsir": one that is based on the Quran and Sunnah, and another that relies on personal opinion and interpretation.

The passage then provides an example from the story of Noah, where the Prophet is told not to build the ark on a mountain. This is interpreted as a prohibition against building on high ground, which is seen as a sign of arrogance. The text also discusses the prohibition of building on high ground when it comes to water, suggesting that it is better to build on lower ground.

The passage then shifts to discuss the methodology of scholars like Ibn al-Qayyim, who is described as a meticulous researcher. It highlights his approach to deriving rulings from texts, emphasizing that he would not issue a ruling unless it was clearly supported by evidence. The text also mentions the importance of understanding the context and meaning of words in the Quran and Sunnah.

Finally, the passage touches upon the two categories of Islamic jurisprudence: one that deals with rulings derived from the Quran and Sunnah, and another that deals with rulings derived from personal interpretation. It concludes by referencing a chapter in the Book of the Ark by Ibn al-Qayyim, which discusses the prohibition of building on high ground.