The second phase - the phase of the Caliphate on the methodology of the Prophet, may God's prayers and peace be upon him - began with his death, peace and blessings be upon him, in the year 11 AH, corresponding to the year 631 AD; and it ended with the abdication of Al-Hasan bin Ali, may God be pleased with them both, from the Caliphate in the year 41 AH, corresponding to the year 660 AD; so its duration was 30 years; confirming the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "The Caliphate will be in my Ummah for thirty years, then it will be after that kingship." Narrated by Ahmad in his Musnad.

The third phase - the phase of the biting monarchy - began with the abdication of Al-Hasan bin Ali, may God be pleased with them both, from the Caliphate in the year 41 AH, corresponding to the year 660 AD; and it ended with the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate in the year 1341 AH, corresponding to the year 1922 AD; in that year, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk abolished the Caliphate and the position of Sultan.

The fourth phase - the phase of the tyrannical monarchy - began with the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate in the year 1341 AH, corresponding to the year 1922 AD; and it is still ongoing to this day.

The Ummah of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is still in the fourth phase, the phase of the tyrannical monarchy, and it has spent 99 years of it; and it is approaching, God willing, the fifth and final phase, the phase of the Caliphate on the methodology of the Prophet, led by Imam Al-Mahdi.

After we have learned which phase the Ummah of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is living in, and which phase it is approaching, it remains for us to know how long this phase, the phase of the tyrannical monarchy, will last, so that we may then know when it will transition to the fifth phase, the phase of the Caliphate on the methodology of the Prophet. And to know this, we say, and with God's help is success: Al-Hakim narrated in his Mustadrak: ...