This is a passage from a historical book about Sudan. The text is OCR output and contains scanning errors. I have read through them and translated the intended words, keeping proper nouns recognizable.

The passage discusses the stages of Islamic rule and the concept of the Mahdi. It mentions hadiths from Al-Bayhaqi and Ahmad, referencing Abu Ubaydah, Mu'adh ibn Jabal, and Ibn Mas'ud. The stages described are: the Prophetic Caliphate, the Caliphate on the Prophetic Method, the Hereditary Monarchy, the Tyrannical Monarchy, and the Caliphate on the Prophetic Method again. The text suggests that the fifth stage, the Caliphate on the Prophetic Method following the Tyrannical Monarchy, is the era of the Mahdi. It also touches upon the injustice and oppression that will precede this era, attributing it to the Tyrannical Monarchy.